What is the function of the emergency locator transmitter (ELT)?

The emergency locator transmitter (ELT) plays a critical role in aviation safety as it is designed specifically to emit a signal for search and rescue operations. In the event of a plane crash or emergency landing, the ELT automatically activates and transmits a distress signal on emergency frequencies. This signal can be detected by search and rescue teams, helping them locate the aircraft quickly, which is vital for the survival of any survivors and for facilitating a timely rescue operation.

The other options, while related to aviation, do not pertain to the function of the ELT. Storing passenger information, tracking luggage, and communicating with air traffic control involve different types of equipment and systems that do not contribute to the specific function of locating downed aircraft during emergencies. The ELT's primary purpose is clear and focused on enhancing safety through efficient signaling to rescue services, demonstrating its importance in emergency response protocols.